Interactive Chemistry Model
pH Scale
Core formula:pH = −log₁₀[H⁺] | pOH = 14 − pH
Visualization
Move pH to see the logarithmic shift in H⁺ and OH⁻ concentration. Neutral water at 25°C is pH 7, where [H⁺] = [OH⁻].
Note: this model assumes water at 25°C, so pH + pOH = 14.
Strong acidNeutralStrong base
current pH
7.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
H⁺ dominance0%
Lower pH means higher hydrogen ion concentration.
OH⁻ dominance0%
Higher pH means higher hydroxide ion concentration.
Ion balance
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
H⁺
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
OH⁻
Ratio [H⁺]/[OH⁻]: 1.00 × 10^0